Discover Lanzarote: A Journey Through History, Culture, and Fun
Introduction
Welcome to Lanzarote, the easternmost of the Canary Islands, where otherworldly landscapes meet vibrant culture, and history is etched into every rock and wave. This guidebook is your gateway to exploring the island in all its facets, from its volcanic origins to its modern-day allure as a top travel destination. Whether you’re here for a short stay or a longer journey, you’ll find everything you need to make the most of your time in Lanzarote.
Lanzarote is not just a place; it’s an experience. It’s a land sculpted by fire, with landscapes that look as though they belong on another planet. But beyond the stark beauty of its volcanoes and lava fields, Lanzarote is a place of warmth—both in its climate and in the hospitality of its people. The island’s history is rich with tales of resilience, creativity, and a deep connection to nature.
In this book, you’ll discover the stories behind Lanzarote’s most iconic sites, meet the people who have shaped its culture, and find practical tips for exploring every corner of the island. Whether you’re interested in history, adventure, food, or family fun, Lanzarote has something for everyone. Let’s begin our journey.
Chapter 1: The History of Lanzarote
1.1 Ancient Origins: From Volcanoes to Human Settlement
Lanzarote’s story begins millions of years ago, with volcanic eruptions that shaped the island’s dramatic landscape. The island is part of the Canary Archipelago, which itself is a product of volcanic activity beneath the Atlantic Ocean. These volcanic origins are evident in the island’s rugged terrain, with its vast lava fields, craters, and unique formations like the Montañas del Fuego (Mountains of Fire) in Timanfaya National Park.
The first human settlers are believed to have arrived on Lanzarote around 1000 BC, possibly from North Africa. These early inhabitants, known as the Majos or Guanches, lived a simple life, relying on fishing, farming, and herding. They left behind petroglyphs and other archaeological remains that offer glimpses into their culture. The Majos had their own language and customs, which were gradually influenced by external contacts over the centuries.
1.2 The Arrival of the Spanish: Conquest and Colonization
The European discovery of the Canary Islands occurred in the 14th century, with Lanzarote being the first of the islands to be conquered. In 1402, Jean de Béthencourt, a French nobleman in the service of the Castilian crown, arrived on Lanzarote with a small force. He established a base in the town of Rubicón, in the island’s south, marking the beginning of Spanish influence on Lanzarote.
Béthencourt’s conquest was relatively bloodless, thanks to the strategic alliances he forged with local leaders. However, the subsequent colonization brought significant changes. The indigenous population was gradually absorbed into the new social and economic systems imposed by the Europeans. Lanzarote became an important stopover for ships traveling between Europe, Africa, and the Americas, contributing to its growing significance in the early colonial period.
1.3 Pirates and Conflicts: Defending the Island
Lanzarote’s strategic location made it a frequent target for pirates and privateers from the 16th to the 18th centuries. These raids were devastating, often leading to the destruction of towns and the capture of inhabitants who were then sold into slavery. The most infamous of these attacks occurred in 1618, when Berber pirates from North Africa raided the island, taking many of its residents.
In response to these threats, the island’s defenders built a series of castles and fortifications, some of which still stand today. The Castillo de San Gabriel in Arrecife and the Castillo de Santa Bárbara in Teguise are notable examples. These structures served both as military outposts and refuges for the local population during times of crisis.
1.4 The Impact of César Manrique: Art, Architecture, and Environmentalism
In the 20th century, Lanzarote experienced a cultural renaissance largely driven by one man: César Manrique. Born in Arrecife in 1919, Manrique was a visionary artist and architect who saw the potential to blend Lanzarote’s natural beauty with human creativity. After studying art in Madrid and spending time in New York, Manrique returned to his homeland with a mission to protect its environment while promoting sustainable tourism.
Manrique’s influence is visible across the island. He designed iconic landmarks such as the Jameos del Agua, a natural cave and concert hall; the Mirador del Río, a viewpoint offering stunning vistas over the island; and the Cactus Garden in Guatiza, a botanical marvel. His works are characterized by their seamless integration with the natural landscape, using local materials and traditional techniques.
Manrique was also a vocal advocate for environmental conservation, opposing the overdevelopment of Lanzarote. His efforts helped to preserve the island’s unique character, leading to Lanzarote being declared a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1993, a year after his death.
1.5 Modern Day Developments: Tourism and Beyond
In the latter half of the 20th century, Lanzarote began to develop its tourism industry, which has since become the backbone of its economy. The island’s year-round warm climate, stunning beaches, and unique landscapes attract millions of visitors each year. Resorts and hotels have sprung up along the coast, particularly in areas like Puerto del Carmen, Playa Blanca, and Costa Teguise.
Despite the influx of tourists, Lanzarote has managed to maintain much of its natural beauty and cultural heritage. This is in large part due to the strict building regulations influenced by César Manrique’s vision. The island has avoided the high-rise development seen in other tourist destinations, instead opting for low-rise, whitewashed buildings that blend with the volcanic landscape.
Today, Lanzarote continues to evolve, balancing its role as a major tourist destination with efforts to preserve its environment and cultural identity. The island remains a place where history and modernity coexist, offering visitors a chance to explore both its ancient past and its vibrant present.